ANALYZE
Break the text apart. Find the evidence. Establish what is really there.
Stage 1: ANALYZE provides the complete instructional architecture for deconstructing a text before any judgment or argument is made.
This stage establishes what is explicitly present, what can be inferred, and which textual details will later support evaluation and justification.
Stage architecture
Cognitive Operation
Deconstruction of textual elements to establish objective understanding.
Bloom Level
3 (Analysis)
Primary Target
Deconstruct
Lesson Slot
5–15 min
What students are expected to do
Identify characters, setting, and plot events with textual grounding.
Distinguish explicitly stated information from implicit inference.
Recognise narrative perspective and authorial craft choices.
Note emotional and psychological states of characters with evidence.
Identify ecological and environmental details embedded in the setting.
Prompt types used at this stage
Elicitation
Establish baseline comprehension: 'What is happening in this scene?'
Clarification
Distinguish observation from inference: 'What evidence shows the character is afraid?'
Structural
Reveal craft moves and authorial intention: 'How does the author organise this information?'
Ecological
Surface ecological and environmental dimensions in the setting.
Sentence frames used at this stage
Analysis
'In this scene, ___ is happening.'
Evidence
'The text states / shows / describes ___.'
Inference
'This suggests / implies that ___.'
Craft
'The author uses ___ to show ___.'
Ecological
'The setting shows the relationship between ___ and the environment by ___.'
One stage, different level bands
Foundation / Development (Pre-A1 to A2)
Identify three facts about the main character directly from the text. What does the character do in this scene? What words tell you how the character is feeling?
Expansion / Mastery (A2 to B2)
What evidence shows the character's motivation? How does the author use language to reveal internal conflict? What does the setting contribute to the mood?
Advanced (B2 to C1)
Analyse the narrative perspective and its effect on reader interpretation. What is the author's craft move in this passage? How does the ecological setting function as more than background detail?
How this stage is checked in the lesson
Assessment
Assessment type: Observation.
Assessment
Assessment form: Circulate; note which students identify implicit vs. explicit.
Assessment
Formative sequence during Analyze stage: prompt or redirect with clarification questions.
Assessment
Portfolio standard includes eco-reasoning reflection per unit at Level 3+ and CEFR self-assessment each term.
Instructional Architecture
Primary Activity: Guided close reading; teacher models with think-aloud.
Teacher Action: Prompt or redirect with clarification questions.
Eco Extension / Cross-Stage Connection
Add an Ecological Analyze prompt in every lesson. At Level 3+, nature observations are logged and at least one ecological reflection prompt per unit is mandatory.
Thorough Analyze work directly determines the quality of Evaluate judgments. Analysis is the foundation on which all subsequent reasoning is built.